Experiences of Registered Nurses in Carrying Out Their Role as Patients’ Advocates

Abstract

Patient advocacy plays a critical role in promoting patient safety and quality care. Yet, there is little or no data documenting the practice of patient advocacy among nurses in Ghana. This study explored and provided an in depth description of experiences of registered nurses in carrying out their role of patient advocacy within the Ghanaian context at the Cape Coast Metro Hospital (CCMH). A qualitative approach with descriptive study design was used to meet the set objectives. The study was guided by Peplau’s interpersonal relations theory. Purposive sampling technique was used to select twenty-five registered nurses who were willing to participate in the study. Data were collected from the twenty-five research participants through a semi-structured interview. Interviews were audio taped, transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Key findings based on this study revealed that the nurses had adequate understanding of the meaning of patient advocacy and were willing to advocate for their patients. Yet, advocating for the patients within the clinical setting was practically difficult owing to several existing barriers. These barriers included the health institution, physicians, patients, anticipated negative outcome of advocacy, fear of loss of job, limited communication and poor inter-personal relationships. Nurses who overcame the existing barriers succeeded in advocating for the patients, enjoyed positive physical, emotional, psychological and professional experiences as well as positive effects on the health institution. The contrary, however, occurred when the advocacy activities became unsuccessful. Based on study findings, recommendations were made for improved patient advocacy.