Socioeconomic Implications of Closed Fishing Season In the Marine Artisanal Sector: a Case Study of Elmina And Apam in the Central Region of Ghana

Abstract

ABSTRACT The study determined the socioeconomic implications of the closed season policy on artisanal fisherfolk in Ghana using Elmina and Apam fishing communities as a case study. The mixed-method design was used in the data collection. Stratified random sampling of households was used to select 268 respondents made up of canoe fishers, fish processors and traders from the two most vibrant fishing communities in Central Region of Ghana. A Semi- structured interview schedule, focused group discussion and key informant interviews were used to solicit information from the respondents. The results showed that all fisherfolk (100%) knew about the closed season policy, however, 47% of them did not know the purpose of the closure. Despite the differences in their perception, most fisherfolk were unsure of the policy's success in their fishing activities. No statistically significant differences were found between fisherfolks’ perception and socio-demographic characteristics like age, level of education, main livelihood and years in livelihood; except among studied communities. The policy had an overall negative effect on fisherfolks’ income and livelihood. As majority of fisherfolk lost a reasonable amount of money of about $199, the policy also led to high unemployment, increased hunger and malnutrition, increased school drop-out, theft and prostitution among fishing households and communities during the closure. 14% of these fisherfolk had other income-generating livelihoods, while, 21% of fisherfolk rely on their savings as a coping strategy during closure. For effective compliance, MOFAD should ensure that the purpose of the closure is disseminated to all individuals along the fisheries value chain mainly via radio announcement.