Mangroves Ecosystem Services of the Mono Transboundary Biosphere Reserve: Diversity, Anthropogenic Stressors and Sociocultural Importance

Abstract

Mangroves are coastal ecosystems present in many coastal states in tropical Africa, Asia, and America. Information on their benefits in marginally studied areas is essential to improve the global understanding of their importance and the threats thereof. This study therefore evaluated the ecosystem services delivered by mangroves in the Mono Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (MTBR) (Togo-Benin), and their associated threats and contribution to livelihoods and wellbeing. Data were collected using the mixed method approach via focus group discussion (n= 14), household survey (n= 274), in-depth interviews (n= 17) and expert-based survey (n= 10). Data collected were analysed using Habitat Risk Assessment model (InVEST), negative binomial Generalized Linear Model, and simple probability of likelihoods. Results showed that fifteen ecosystem services and seven associated threats were recorded in Togo, while twenty-one services and six associated threats were reported in Benin. In the reserve Benin’s mangroves are not at risk whereas 58% of mangroves in Togo are under medium risk and 42% are under low risk. differences in the local communities’ perceived diversity, importance, and threats to mangrove ecosystem services between the two countries. Sensitization activities should be intensified in Benin and livelihood options provided in Togo to protect mangroves in the reserve.