Interplay of Formal and Informal Plans in Managing Slums: A Case Study of Old Tulaku, Ghana

Abstract

This study investigated the interplay of formal and informal planning strategies in managing the slums at Old Tulaku. The rationale behind this investigation stems from the recognition that traditional urban planning often overlooks the realities of informal settlements, where residents employ adaptive strategies to navigate socio-economic constraints. The study applied the pragmatism philosophy and the concurrent mixed-method design approach. Using questionnaire, interview guide, and observation checklist, one hundred and seventy-one (171) household heads and eight (8) key informants were selected. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (v.26) and NVivo, focusing on descriptive, inferential, and thematic analysis. The study found that formal planning instruments such as land use zoning, zoning ordinances, demolition, developmental controls, relocation building codes, and urban renewal programs were used to plan Old Tulaku. Informal planning strategies found in the area included recycling domestic waste, running small businesses on occupied land, and creating an improvised drainage system. The governance framework and policies in Old Tulaku are geared towards public participation in development, dispute resolution, ensuring land tenure securities, and providing equitable access to social amenities. However, concerns exist regarding policy implementations such as forced evictions and a lack of understanding of government priorities among residents. Therefore, the Land Use and Spatial Planning Authority (LUSPA) should collaborate with community members to integrate informal planning strategies, such as recycling and local construction materials; into formal urban development plans.