Changing Beach Dynamics of Cape Coast-Elmina Coastline in Ghana

Abstract

This study investigates the changes in beach dynamics along the Cape Coast-Elmina coastline in Ghana from 1991 to 2020 and their impacts on local communities. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining remote sensing, fieldwork, community surveys, and policy analysis to understand beach erosion and its causes. Satellite imagery is used to track changes in shoreline position and beach extent, while sediment grain size measurements provide insight into alterations in beach characteristics. Community surveys, particularly among residents and fisherfolk, reveal the disruptive effects of these changes on livelihoods, including impacts on fishing operations, tourism infrastructure, and increased exposure to coastal hazards. The study attributes shoreline recession and beach erosion to a combination of natural factors such as sea level rise and wave action, as well as human activities including sand mining and coastal development. An evaluation of national coastal management policies reveals shortcomings in their implementation and enforcement, particularly in addressing these complex, interrelated issues. The research emphasizes the need for more inclusive, community-driven coastal management strategies that incorporate indigenous knowledge and local involvement. It advocates for more comprehensive, context-specific policies to promote coastal adaptation and resilience, thereby addressing the region's multifaceted challenges posed by beach dynamics. This study provides valuable evidence for improving coastal governance and safeguarding both the environment and local livelihoods