The frequency of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adults in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is increasingly becoming an important medical and public health issue. This study assessed the frequency of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adults 18 years and above in the Hohoe Municipality. Method: A population-based cross-sectional study involving 350 adults was used. Information was obtained on background characteristics and risk factors of HPT defined as a systolic BP≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP≥ 90 mmHg. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured following standard procedures. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to determine associations between independent variables and hypertension. Results: Of the 350 adults surveyed, the prevalence of hypertension was 39.4% including those on treatment and pre-hypertension was 25.4%. Respondents aged 40-49, 50-59 and 60 years and above were 3.20, 5.68 and 4.88 times more likely to have hypertension as compared to those aged 40 years or less, (AOR=3.20, p=0.002), AOR=5.68, p<0.001) and (AOR=4.88, p<0.001) respectively. Traditionalists were also 9.40 times more likely to have hypertension as compared to Christians [AOR=9.40, P=0.038]. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension was high in the Hohoe Municipality. Four out of 10 adults had hypertension and one out of 4 adults had pre-hypertension. Age and religious affiliation were associated with hypertension. There is the need to intensify education and create awareness about hypertension among the adult population. Periodic screening programs would be required to identify those with hypertension and pre-hypertension for counselling and referral for treatment and management