Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Natural Resource Governance: A Study of Selected Communities in Ghana

Abstract

Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), according to the writings of Posey et al., (1995) is viewed as a treasured source of environmental information that allows traditional communities to protect and preserve their way of life and their natural resources. The study set out to examine the TEK and the natural resource governance (NRG) systems in Boabeng - Fiema, Tafi - Atome and the Amansuri resource areas. The specific objectives were to explain TEK, examine the NRG system and learn lessons from the integration of TEK into NRG at the three study areas. The study explored these objectives based on endogenous development, the assurance problem and the resilience theories. The study employed a multiple-case study approach using a qualitative study design. A combination of convenience and purposive sampling were used to select the respondents. Data collection was by interviewing, group discussion and observation. Qualitative data analysis involved thematic analysis, discourse analysis and cross site analysis. The TEK was founded on their cosmovision, history and traditional religious beliefs. The TEK of three study areas were also under the custodianship of the chieftaincy, the fetish priesthood and clan institutions. The major differences were the Spiritual deities to which they bear allegiance, the ecological restrictions and TEK processes. The family was the main agents of socialization in all three study areas and the motivation for their governance system was for; spiritual harmony, promotion of eco-tourism and social development. All three study areas had their governance system oriented towards observing age old traditions and making their communities exceptional eco-tourism centers. The lessons learnt centered on the effects of a resilient TEK on adaptive governance system. Major recommendations were that there is the need for the traditional authorities to fully document their TEK to facilitate public education on TEK. Additionally, there is the need for the Chiefs and governance stake holders in the three study areas to review their governance bylaws and make copies readily available for members of their community to improve transparency, accountability and participation.