http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8925 2026-04-14T23:20:07Z 2026-04-14T23:20:07Z Awusabo-Asare, Kofi Annim, Samuel K. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9442 2023-10-13T13:21:22Z 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z

Wealth Status and Risky Sexual Behaviour in Ghana and Kenya Awusabo-Asare, Kofi; Annim, Samuel K. Background: Emerging evidence seems to suggest that there is some association between individual socioeconomic status and sexual risk-taking behaviour in sub- Saharan Africa. A number of broad associations have emerged, among them, positive, neutral and negative relationships between wealth status and sexual risktaking behaviour. Reduction in the number of sex partners as a behavioural change has been advocated as an important tool in HIV prevention, and affecting such a change requires an understanding of some of the factors that can influence social behaviour, interactions and activities of subpopulations. Objectives: To further explore the determinants of sexual risk-taking behaviour (individuals having multiple sex partners), especially the effects that variations in household wealth status, gender and different subpopulation groups have on this behaviour. Methods: The relationship between wealth status and sexual risk-taking behaviour in the context of HIV/AIDS infection in Ghana and Kenya was assessed using raw data from the 2003 Demographic and Health Surveys of each country. Wealth quintiles were used as a proxy for economic status, while non-marital and non-cohabiting sexual partnerships were considered indicators for risky sexual behaviour. Results: For females, there appears to be an increasing probability of sexual risk taking by wealth status in Kenya, while, in Ghana, an inverted J-shaped relationship is shown between wealth status and sexual risk taking. When controlled for other variables, the relationship between wealth status and sexual risk-taking behaviour disappears for females in the two countries. For males, there is no clearly discernable pattern between wealth status and sexual risk-taking behaviour in Ghana, while there is a general trend towards increasing sexual risk-taking behaviour by wealth status in Kenya. For Ghana, the highest probabilities are among the highest and the middle wealth quintiles; in Kenya, high probabilities were found for the two highest wealth quintiles. Controlling for the effects of other factors, the pattern for Ghana is further blurred (not statistically significant), but the relationship continues to show in the case of Kenya, and is significant for the highest quintile. In general, for both Ghana and Kenya, men in the highest wealth quintile were found to be more likely to have multiple sexual partners than the other groups. Conclusion: The changing phases of HIV infection indicate that it is no longer poverty that drives the epidemic. Rather, it is wealth and a number of other sociodemographic factors that explain sexual risk-taking behaviour that puts people at risk. Understanding local specific factors that predispose individuals towards sexual risk taking could help to expand the range of information and services needed to combat the HIV pandemic.

2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Oppong, Nana Yaw http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9441 2023-10-13T13:18:41Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Voluntary employee turnover phenomenon in Newmont Ghana Gold Limited: Is Hay pay system the force behind employee exit decisions? Oppong, Nana Yaw The paper examines voluntary employee turnover in Newmont Ghana Gold Limited, a multinational gold mining company operating in Ghana. The aim is to investigate whether the company’s pay system contributes in any way to the employee exit decisions. Data was predominantly in-company and collected from three sources, including; employee resignations from the company’s electronic database; exit interview notes from personal manual files; and interviewing of some serving employees. The electronic data and exit interview notes were discussed after tabular presentation of the results, while the face-to-face interview was transcribed and discussed qualitatively. It is concluded that dissatisfaction with pay is a major contributor to the employee exit decisions; that employees’ concern over their career development and progress influence their decisions to look for alternative employments; that the phenomenon is more of collective in nature which has more serious organisational consequences than individual turnover; and that senior management are less concerned about the situation. The paper ends with three recommendations including effective use of exit interviews; conduct of employee engagement survey; and strategic approach to retention of talented employees, which could help check the phenomenon and also have policy implications for other organisations in tackling employee turnover.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Oppong, Nana Yaw http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9440 2023-10-13T13:16:55Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Towards African Work Orientations: Guide from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Oppong, Nana Yaw Work orientation is the meaning an individual gives to work and the relative importance assigned to work in one’s life. This study assesses and predicts work orientations of employees of Sub-Saharan African – countries with diverse but similar cultural consequences. Scores of Hofstede’s study on his five cultural dimensions, and review of some major and enduring African cultural and social values are the two main categories of data for analysis. Organised under ten work-related factors, the paper produces what guide and shape the behaviour of the African based on his/her enduring cultural and social values. These work orientations could be guide to employers, especially multinational ones, to understand what influence the behaviour of the African at work. This is because the African will always be influenced by his/her cultural values, and their recognition of these values could enhance effective management of the employment relations

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Opoku, Felix Kwame http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9439 2023-10-13T13:14:42Z 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

The practical reality of goal setting theory: evidence from the performance of nurses in the Sunyani regional hospital of Ghana Opoku, Felix Kwame Several studies on goal setting theory have shown that goals direct and sustain employee effort toward goal-relevant activities and away from goal irrelevant activities. Although the theory is a common research topic in most advanced countries, it is gradually being tested in other cultures such as the Sub-Saharan Africa. The current study, therefore, is an extension of existing research on goal setting theory as it describes the core elements of the theory, and how it relates to the performance of 100 registered nurses in the Sunyani Regional Hospital in Ghana. Consistent with some previous studies, a significantly positive relationship between goal acceptance, goal specificity and employee performance was found. Surprisingly, goal difficulty failed to support this relationship.

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z