http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4650 SAHS 2026-04-14T23:28:09Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8788 In Vivo Antiplasmodial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Analgesic Properties, and Safety Profile of Root Extracts of Haematostaphis barteri Hook F. (Anacardiaceae) Boampong, Johnson Nyarko Malaria is an endemic disease globally and the conundrum of drug resistance has led to the search for newer antimalarial agents. The root extract of H. barteri was evaluated for antimalarial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The prophylactic effect of H. barteri on P. berghei was determined by pretreating mice with aqueous root extract of H. barteri (30–300 mg/kg), saline, and 1.2 mg/kg sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine for three days followed by 1 × 106 P. berghei inoculation. Parasite density was measured after 72 h. The curative antimalarial property of the extract was assessed by treating mice with extract, saline, and 1.14 : 6.9 mg/kg Artemether : Lumefantrine four days after 1 × 106 P. berghei inoculation. Selected organs were harvested for toxicity assessment. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the extract was determined in the carrageenan and thermal tail withdrawal tests, respectively. The extract significantly reduced the parasite density in the prophylactic but not the curative study. The anti- inflammatory and analgesic activities of the extract were significant (𝑃 < 0.05) only at the highest doses employed. Regeneration of hepatocytes was also evident in the extract treated groups. The extract has prophylactic but not curative activity on P. berghei- induced malaria. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic property of the extract occurred at the highest doses used. 2015-10-15T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8787 In vivo antiplasmodial and in vitro antioxidant properties of stem bark extracts of Haematostaphis barteri Boampong, Johnson Nyarko; karikari, Akua Afryie; Ameyaw, Elvis Ofori Objective: To evaluate the antimalarial and antioxidant properties of stem bark extracts of Haematostaphis barteri (H. barteri). Methods: The prophylactic activity of the plant was performed by dosing mice with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg), aqueous extract (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) and dichloromethane/methanol (D/M) (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) extracts of H. barteri for 3 days. On the 4th day, the mice were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei. The parasite density was estimated for each mouse 72 h post-parasite inoculation. The curative activity of the plant was also performed by inoculating mice with Plasmodium berghei. Three days later, they were treated with artemether-lumefantrine (4 mg/kg), aqueous and D/M extracts of H. barteri stem bark for 5 days. The in vitro antioxidant property of the aqueous extract was determined by using the reducing power, nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity assays. Results: The aqueous extract exerted significant (P < 0.05) curative and prophylactic antimalarial activities. The D/M extract exhibited significant curative (P < 0.05) but not prophylactic antiplasmodial effect. The aqueous extract exhibited in vitro antioxidant property with IC50's of (0.930 ± 0.021) mg/mL, (0.800 ± 0.001) mg/mL and (0.22 ± 0.05) mg/mL in the total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and nitric oxide assays. Histo- logical assessment of the liver of aqueous and D/M treated animals did not reveal any sign of toxicity. Conclusions: H. barteri is not toxic which exerted significant curative antiplasmodial effects but the prophylactic property was however fraction dependent. The mechanism of the antiplasmodial activity of H. barteri may partly be mediated by its antioxidant property. 2015-02-03T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8785 In vitro Cercaricidal Activity of Fractions and Isolated Compounds of Erythrophleum ivorense (Fabaceae) Root Bark against Schistosoma haematobium Armah, Francis A.; Amoani, Benjamin; Henneh, Isaac T.; Dickson, Rita A.; Adokoh, Christian K.; Amponsah, Isaac Kingsley; Adu-Gyamfi, Cecilia; Acheampong, Desmond Omane ntroduction: Schistosoma haematobium is one of the species of Schistosoma responsible for schistosomiasis in humans, a major public health problem worldwide. Praziquantel, the most effective drug against all adult stages of human schistosomiasis, faces the threat of resistance and also has sub-optimal efficacy against cercaria, an immature form of schistosomiasis. This underscores the need to search for an alternative anti-schistosomal drug with pronounced activity particularly against cercaria. Aim: This study investigated anti-cercarial activity of total crude (70% ethanolic extract), fractions (methanolic, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether) and isolated bioactive compounds from the root bark of Erythrophleum ivorense. Study Design: In vitro anti-cercarial activity was evaluated using 20 freshly shed cercariae from Schistosoma haematobium species transferred into 20 well plates. Cercaricidal effect of the various concentrations (15.6, 31.3, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0 and 500.0 µg/mL) of test extracts and compounds were observed for 3 hours using an inverted microscopy. The results showed that extracts and compounds of the plant decreased percentage viability of cercariae in a dose-dependent manner. Results: Within two hours of incubation, all cercariae died at the various concentrations of test compounds and extracts with the exception of methanol extract and the bioactive compound erythroivorensin at 15.6 ߤg/mL. The least potent extract, methanol, had an IC50 of 2.11±0.10 ߤg/mL. Eriodictyol, being the most active compound had an IC50 of 1.23 ± 0.05 ߤg/mL. Conclusion: It is evident from the results obtained that fractions and isolated bioactive compounds of Erythrophleum ivorense can be a potential cercaricidal agent and therefore should be investigated further. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2019-02-15T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8784 In vitro activity of Erythrophleum ivorense extract against the promastigote stage of cutaneous Leishmania parasite, a member of Leishmania (Mundinia) enriettii complex isolates from Ghana Anning, Alberta Serwah; Kwakye-Nuako, Godwin; Ameyaw; Ameyaw, Elvis Ofori; Mosore, Mba-Tihssommah; Asare, Kwame Kumi Background. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes physical disfigurement and impairment on affected individuals, however, little attention has been paid to it eradication. The situation of this neglected disease is complicated with the expansion of the non- human pathogenic Leishmania enriettii complex causing infection in humans. We have previously shown that the extract from Erythrophleum ivorense has leishmanicidal activity against promastigote stages of the L. enriettii complex isolate from Ghana and Leishmania donovani. The extract of E. ivorense has shown to have anti-inflammatory, wound-healing ability, antiallergic, antimalarial and antischistosomal activity. However, the concentration threshold of E. ivorense extract required for leishmani- cidal activity against the emerging human pathogenic L. enriettii complex isolates is not clear. Aim. To test for the concentration threshold of E. ivorense extract required to obtain ideal leishmanicidal activity against the promastigote stage of human pathogenic L. enriettii complex isolates from Ghana. Method. The ethanolic leaf extract of E. ivorense was serially diluted and tested against the promastigote stage of the L. enriettii complex. Parasite inhibition was measured at 590 nm using a spectrophotometer after staining parasites with trypan blue. To select the threshold concentration for maximum inhibition of the promastigote stage of the L. enriettii complex, the concentra- tion cut-off statistic was used. Results. The MIC of E. ivorense extract for L. enriettii promastigote inhibition was 62.3 μg ml−1. The highest promastigote inhibi- tion was observed at 72 h. Conclusion. We show that a MIC of 62.3 μg ml−1 of E. ivorense leaf extract exhibits an ideal leishmanicidal activity against the promastigote stage of L. enriettii complex isolates. 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z